Optional Practical Training (OPT) is a vital opportunity for F-1 students in the U.S. to gain hands-on work experience in their field of study. OPT allows students to work for up to 12 months (or up to 36 months with a STEM extension) after completing or while pursuing their degree. Below is a comprehensive guide on how to apply and important considerations to keep in mind:
Step-by-Step Process for Applying for OPT
1. Understand the Types of OPT
- Pre-Completion OPT: Work authorization before completing your program of study (part-time during classes or full-time during breaks).
- Post-Completion OPT: Work authorization after completing your degree program.
Each student is eligible for 12 months of OPT per degree level, with the option of a 24-month STEM OPT extension for eligible majors.
2. Check Your Eligibility
- You must be in F-1 student status for at least one full academic year.
- The work must be directly related to your field of study.
- You must not have already used 12 months of full-time Curricular Practical Training (CPT).
3. Request OPT Recommendation from Your DSO
- Contact the Designated School Official (DSO) at your university’s International Student Office.
- Submit a request for an OPT recommendation.
- Once approved, your DSO will issue a new Form I-20 with the OPT recommendation noted.
Important: USCIS must receive your OPT application within 30 days of your DSO issuing the updated Form I-20.
4. Prepare Form I-765 (Application for Employment Authorization)
You must complete and submit Form I-765 to apply for an Employment Authorization Document (EAD).
- Where to file: You can submit Form I-765 online through your USCIS account or by mail (paper application).
- Documents required:
- Updated Form I-20 with OPT recommendation (signed by you and your DSO).
- Completed Form I-765.
- Proof of identity (passport).
- Previous U.S. visa(s), if applicable.
- Two recent passport-style photos.
- Payment of the filing fee ($470 for online filing and $520 for paper filing)
5. Track Application Status
Once USCIS accepts your application:
- You’ll receive a receipt notice with a case number.
- Use the case number to track your application status online via the USCIS Case Status Tracker.
- Processing times vary, so apply as early as possible within the allowed window.
6. Receive Your EAD Card
If your OPT application is approved, USCIS will mail you the Employment Authorization Document (EAD).
- You cannot begin work until you have the EAD and the authorized start date has arrived.
Key Points to Consider When Applying for OPT
- Timing Is Crucial
- For post-completion OPT, you can apply as early as 90 days before your program end date and no later than 60 days after your program end date.
- USCIS processing times can take 2–5 months, so apply early to avoid delays.
- Job Relevance
- All jobs you take on OPT must be directly related to your major field of study. Keep documentation (job offer letters, job descriptions) as proof.
- Work Hours
- Pre-completion OPT: Up to 20 hours per week during school sessions, full-time during breaks.
- Post-completion OPT: Full-time work (over 20 hours per week).
- Unemployment Rules
- Post-completion OPT students can remain unemployed for a maximum of 90 days. For STEM OPT, the unemployment limit is extended by 60 days, for a total of 150 days.
- Maintain F-1 Status
- You must report any changes (address, employer, employment status) to your DSO within 10 days of the change.
- STEM OPT Extension
- If your field of study is in a STEM-designated area, you can apply for a 24-month extension. You’ll need to submit Form I-765 again, along with an updated Form I-983 Training Plan from your employer.
- Travel Restrictions
- Traveling while your OPT application is pending can be risky. If you must travel, ensure you have your receipt notice, valid F-1 visa, Form I-20, and a letter from your employer (if you already have a job).
Final Tips for a Successful OPT Application
- Start Early: Don’t wait until the last minute; give yourself time for any unforeseen delays.
- Stay Organized: Double-check your forms, fees, and supporting documents before submission.
- Seek Guidance: If unsure, consult your DSO or an immigration expert for advice.
By following these steps and staying proactive, you can successfully navigate the OPT application process and maximize your opportunities for professional growth in the U.S.!